A unit's morale is a measure of how brave its soldiers are. Each race has three morale classes, which have various names, but are all rated A, B, and C on the Profile Sheets. For instance, dwarfs have A: Guards, B: Regulars and C: Militia; while western orcs have A: Urucks, B: Soldiers and C: Snargas. Characters are immune to all Morale Tests.

'A' class troops are experienced, highly trained veterans who obey orders and do not easily panic. 'B' class troops are trained regulars with combat experience. 'C class troops represent conscripts, militia and other poorly trained troops, who do not react well to orders and are prone to panic as soon as they come under pressure.

Before the start of a battle, each unit in your army must be assigned a morale class. Each units morale class must be recorded before a battle commences. You should also note down each unit's starting figure strength. If you are playing a scenario provided in a FOLIO WORKS publication or RED GIANT magazine, you will find the morale class and figure strength of each unit in the scenario will be listed for you. If you are fighting one of your own battles, having made up an army using the points system and basic army guide provided in these rules, you will have assigned each unit a morale value.

When you place your units on the battlefield, they can be identified from your record of each unit's morale class, by the banners you give them or their equipment.

As a unit suffers casualties its morale will decline. This fact is reflected in the Basic Morale Values Chart that appears on each Profile Sheet. Unit losses on this chart are calculated as a percentage of a regiment's starting manpower. You will note they are calculated in 10% steps. When using this chart always round a unit's losses down to the nearest 10%.

Example: A regiment of twenty western goblin raiders has suffered three casualties. This is greater than a 10% loss but less than a 20% loss. As all percentage losses are rounded down on the Basic Morale Values Chart, the goblins are deemed to have a 10% loss and by cross referencing find their morale has a base value of 8.

A unit tests its morale whenever anything unpleasant happens to it. What constitutes an unpleasant event varies from race to race. For instance, most races have to take a Morale Test when they are attacked by magic, but elves do not because they are innately magical and therefore do not view magic as a disturbing event. The circumstances that cause a unit to test its morale are listed on its Profile Sheet on the chart headed When to Test Morale. It is a good idea to study this section before a battle starts so you can try to avoid the circumstances that trigger such tests.

When a unit finds itself in a situation where it must test its morale, it does so immediately and generally carries out any result as soon as the Morale Test has been taken. The only exception to this rule, occurs when a post combat Morale Test is taken, when the unit will act upon any result in phase one of the next game turn.

1. Refer to the Basic Morale Value Chart that appears on the unit's Profile Sheet. Cross reference the unit's morale class with its casualty status to find its Basic Morale Value (BMV).
2. Refer to the Morale Modifiers list on the Profile Sheet. Check to see if any of the modifiers listed apply to the unit's situation. (Note: for a unit to receive the benefit of Light, Medium or Heavy cover at least 75% of that unit's figures must be in such cover). If they do, apply the relevant modifier to the unit's 'BMV. The result will be the unit's Modified Morale Value (MMV).
3. Roll one D4 and add the result to the MMV. The result will be the unit's Final Morale Value (FMV).
4. Refer the FMV to the Morale Results section on the relevant Profile Sheet. Cross reference the FMV with the unit's morale class to discover the result of the test.

The character must be in base-to-base contact with the unit for it to gain this benefit

To count a unit for this morale modifier, the unit must not only be within 10 cm but must also be out of combat. Units that are routing or retiring, never count for this modifier. Monsters never count for this morale modifier either, even if they are friendly.

Self-explanatory.

EACH FREE VISIBLE ENEMY MONSTER OR UNIT WITHIN 20 CMS To cause this adverse modifier the enemy monster or unit must be out of combat and must not be routing or retiring.

HATED FOE WITHIN 20 CMS When you really hate someone it gets the adrenalin going.

UNIT IS BEING ATTACKED IN FLANK Self-explanatory and includes attacks by overlapping units.

UNIT IS BEING ATTACKED IN REAR This morale modifier allows for the fear and confusion caused by a rear attack. It includes attacks by overlapping units who get behind another unit

UNIT IS ENGAGED WITH ENEMY TWICE ITS NUMBER Attacking a numerically superior foe can cause the morale of your troops to waver.

UNIT IS ENGAGED WITH ENEMY HALF ITS NUMBER Attacking a numerically inferior foe can bolster your troops morale. Players should note, this modifier never affects monsters.

UNIT LOST LAST ROUND OF COMBAT A history of defeat will always undermine a unit's morale.

UNIT IS IN HEAVY COVER The safety cover offers will often boost morale.

UNIT ATTACKED BY MAGIC/MONSTER/UNDEAD THIS TURN Self-explanatory — the magic attack may have been at any point in the turn prior to when the morale test occurs. A flame attack by a monster will trigger the attacked by monster modifier, but missile attacks by undead will not.